What is Pricing Equity?
It's not charity. It's economics.
Premise
If you live in the Global North, most pricing is designed for you. If you live in any one of the 152 developing countries as defined by the IMF, then pricing is almost instantly out of reach.
Some companies will use a system of tiered pricing, which sets prices based on a variety of factors. This can make their products within reach of developing countries, but not always.
This idea began with a TouchBistro negotiation for Republic Bar & Grill in Accra, Ghana. The rep wanted to charge what they normally charge. To which I explained the extreme difference in cost of living. He worked with us to apply a variety of discounts and programs, which planted the seed for something that could be applied across channels.
Pricing for what?
It really depends. It could be software, hardware, services - all sorts of things that people buy every day. It also includes memberships, tuition, and other amounts that are determined based on a mixture of 'hard' and 'soft' costs.
Some would simply say "the price is the price" - why should a company have to lower what they charge in another country? The simple answer is that they don't. However if they want to be equitable they should consider it.
Equity in pricing is about taking into consideration the economics of a country or community, and making products and services accessible. While many companies will camouflage their costs, there is almost always a range of what they can afford.
Implementation
The formulas below were initially conceived in 2020 to address international membership in Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, Inc. The formula (#3) was adopted by the Sigma Mu Sigma Chapter based in Ghana as a way to make membership dues more accessible for Ghanaian members, with the goal of having the Eastern Region and international organization apply the formula to other dues and fees.
The formulas have since been used to create parameters for pricing in other areas, related to memberships, tuition., and fees.
Formulas
The following uses the ‘Cost of Living’ index (2024)
https://www.worlddata.info/cost-of-living.php
We'll use Costa Rica's data to determine the adjusted price for Acme Software
Formula 1
- Here we calculate the country's cost index as a percentage
- For instance, Costa Rica’s cost index is 67.2 based on 100.00 for the U.S.
- We can then take that as a percentage (.672) and multiply it times the cost of Acme Software
- If the software is usually $1000 in the U.S., it would be $672 in Costa Rica
Formula 2
- Here we calculate the monthly income as a percentage
- If Costa Rica’s monthly income is $1154, we divide it by the U.S. monthly income which is $6692 (round up to = .173)
- We can apply the percentage to the cost of Acme Software
- If the software is usually $1000 in the U.S., it would be $173 in Ghana
Formula 3
- Some might view Formula 1 too high, and others may feel Formula 2 is too low
- Here we add the amounts from #1 and #2, then divide by two
- $672 + $173 = $845
- We then divide this amount by two, $422.50
Use Cases
Costa Rica and Acme Software
Economics
If Acme Software sells normally to the Global North (e.g. France, Australia, Canada) for $1000, that is based on market forces that determine this is the appropriate price to charge.
In the same way, if the market in Costa Rica is such that the cost of living is vastly different, it makes sense to adjust pricing in some way.
Perspective
While I used Costa Rica as the reference point for the three formulas, I would like to offer some details specific to Ghana so that you can appreciate why this is important.
U.S. - A cashier in a store will make $12-15 per hour, or $1920-$2400 per month
GHANA - A cashier will make $1-2 per hour, or $160-$200 per month
Implementation
Using the formulas is up to the company or organization. You could adopt one of the three formulas and adjust pricing on an annual basis, or simply use them as a guide to create tiered pricing. The ultimate goal is to be equitable.
I am more than happy to work with anyone who is interested in talking through using these formulas. It is a tool to think proactively about how we charge for products and services around the world.
© 2024